Other examples of more
effective use of evidence from the primary text to support interpretations
Example 1
Essay question: 'Tragedies
portray societies which are caught between conflicting value systems.'
Discuss with reference to one or more plays.
This is an extract from a student
essay on the question quoted above:
'For although Old Hamlet
appears as the epitome of a heroic, noble monarch, his values can also
be seen to be ones built on a system quite different from its appearance
- the system of legitimised violence, 'He smote the sledded Polacks
on the ice' (I.i.63), absolutism and, perhaps, tyranny. His first lines
to his own son are commands, spoken with unwavering authority - 'Mark
me' (I.v.2), 'So art thou to revenge, when thou shalt hear' (I.v.8)
- not so much the words of a Father to a grieving Son, as of a furious
and proud, yet usurped dictatorial monarch to one of his loyal subjects.
'An eye like Mars, to threaten or command' (III.iv.58).'
Example 2
Essay question: Compare
and contrast any two Renaissance sonnets of your choice.
This excerpt comes from an essay
by an undergraudate student answering the above question:
'Both sonnets are written
in the traditional iambic pentameter, but both poets break out of this
metre in order to avoid monotony of rhythm and to emphasise important
words or phrases. For example, Sidney’s sonnet begins with a trochee
- 'Not at ...'. This provides a striking beginning whilst emphasising,
through stress, the word 'Not' - it was 'not' love at first sight. The
second line begins 'Love gave...' - which is a spondee. 'Love' is emphasised
showing the poet’s fascination with the subject.'
Example 3
Essay question: How do Fielding’s
comparisons between characters in Tom Jones contribute to the overall
meaning of his novel?
The following extract is from a student
essay, answering the question quoted above:
'It is also interesting
to note [Square & Thwackum’s] arguments on other topics to discover
what other morals Fielding is attempting to instill in the reader, through
the discourse of Square and Thwackum. An example of this can be found
when the pair are first introduced in the novel, and their views on
humanity are aired. In Book III Chapter 3 it is mentioned that 'Square
held human nature to be the perfection of all virtue, and that vice
was a deviation from nature.' 'Thwackum, on the contrary, maintained
that the human mind, since the Fall, was nothing but a sink of iniquity,
till purified and redeemed by grace.' These philosophies are obviously
intended to provoke argument within the reader, leading to contemplation
of higher matters than can otherwise be supposed. This type of suggestions
adds an extra layer of philosophy to the text, illustrating the fact
that Fielding was aiming not only to amuse, but to educate the reader,
using the medium of the novel.'
Q. Why are these examples effective?
TUTOR'S REPLY
In each of these examples, direct
reference to the text(s) is used to support the critical point which is being
made. In all of them it is obvious as to why the essayists have quoted these
sections from the texts being studied - a quotation is given and then its
significance is explained (i.e. how it helps to support a particular interpretation).